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An evaporative condenser operates by combining air cooling and water evaporation to maximize heat rejection efficiency. Its working principle unfolds in distinct phases:
Content
1. Hot Refrigerant Ingress
High-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant vapor enters the condenser’s coil bundle from the compressor discharge line.
2. Dual-Phase Heat Rejection
Water Spray Application:
A pump sprays water continuously over the coil surface.
Water coats the coils, forming a thin film.
Airflow Interaction:
Fans pull/push ambient air through the wet coil bundle.
Airflow causes partial evaporation of the water film.
3. Core Thermodynamic Process
Evaporative Cooling Effect:
As water evaporates, it absorbs latent heat from the refrigerant inside the coils.
Sensible Heat Transfer:
Non-evaporated water and air carry away sensible heat from the coil surface.
Result:
Refrigerant condenses into liquid faster and at lower temperatures than air-cooled systems.
4. Heat Dispersal & Recirculation
Evaporated Water Vapor:
Released into the atmosphere with the exhaust air.
Unevaporated Water:
Drains into a sump tank for re-circulation.
Heat Discharge:
Sensible heat from air + latent heat from evaporation = total heat ejected.
5. Critical System Management
Water Conservation:
Makeup water replaces evaporated losses.
Bleed-off valves drain mineral-laden water to prevent scaling.
Scale Prevention:
Water treatment (softening/chemicals) inhibits deposits on coils.
Freeze Protection:
Glycol additives or drain-down protocols prevent ice damage in cold climates.
